Halloween writing paper: 2020

Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Billie Holiday and her influence on Jazz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Billie Holiday and her impact on Jazz - Essay Example The manner in which she sang was totally new to the class of Jazz around then and her commitments are still trailed by Jazz artists in todayÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s timeframe. There are a few legends and fantasies seeing the individual just as her life as an artist. Despite the fact that she was encircled with a few outrages and was in a tough situation for a significant bit of her life, he beneficial encounters turned into the genuine motivation of her music. The enormous measure of commitments she made to Jazz music can never be overlooked. She can without much of a stretch be said to have been the person who made significant changes to the way Jazz music was being worked on during her time. In the event that a study of present day Jazz history is directed, the study would demonstrate that the Jazz music that is knowledgeable about current occasions was her advancement. At the point when she began rehearsing jazz music, there were not really any jazz performers who were customizing their own tunes. There were just a couple of vocalists at her time who were singing unique in relation to rest of the artists. These vocalists were not a piece of the Jazz mus ic industry. These artists were illustrative of the Blues class of music. One of these vocalists was Bessie Smith who alongside another extraordinary Jazz artist and trumpeter named Louis Armstrong impacted Billie HolidayÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s Jazz music (Henderson 295). During her initial life she was singing a large portion of the melodies that were very famous. She discovered this type of music very tedious and she began exploring different avenues regarding her music. During her analyses she changed both the tune just as the musicality of the melodies. To make her own music, she began expressing music corresponding to the beat and she even included various harmonies that were played by a portion of her undisputed top choice horn players including Louis Armstrong (Henderson 295). This blend of music and experimentation brought about the advancement of music that was viewed as enchanted. Current Jazz performers utilize their own vocals as instruments for melodies.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Modern Cuba Essays

Present day Cuba Essays Present day Cuba Essay Present day Cuba Essay Cuba is a novel nation with respect to government and legislative issues. It is particular not just in its being the last socialist nation in Latin America, yet in addition due the way that it has and is proceeding to experience significant changes concerning government arrangement. Through examination of the five rules for vote based system, and investigation of frameworks hypothesis, political researchers can see that Cuba is on the way to earth shattering political change because of its quickly falling apart, soviet demonstrated, socialist government. Before separating the parts of the measures for majority rules system nd frameworks hypothesis as they apply to Cuba, it is imperative to quickly consider the previously mentioned nations history. Cubas current government started after President Batista was toppled in a rough overthrow drove by Fidel Castro in 1959. In 1961 Castro officially proclaimed Cuba a communist state; it is currently perceived essentially as an extremist socialist state (US State dept, 3/25/10). While the Cuba has a composed constitution distributing social equality, it in every practical sense, invalidates these freedoms by announcing that, any resident endeavoring to forestall the development of communism s excluded from said rights (US State dept, 3/25/10). The constitution likewise recognizes the Cuban Communist Party as the main party with lawful authenticity. As one may have just surmised from these rigid legislative laws, the economy is additionally controlled altogether by the socialist party, this anyway is one of the intriguing focuses with regards to the examination of the Cuban political the framework as a huge bit of the administration utilized workforce is destined to be terminated for a transition to the private division (The Economist, Nov. 2010). At the hour of the US state divisions report on Cuba, eighty-three percent of the workforce was utilized by the administration however as recently noticed, this is soon to change. With respect to US-Cuban relations, Cuba is very one of a kind. The American government has had a comprehensive ban against Cuba since 1962, the second longest running US ban outlived uniquely by North Korea (US State dept, 3/25/10). Moving into examination of Cuba as it analyzes to other world governments, let us take a gander at its relationship to the five standards for majority rules system as sketched out by Charles Hauss in Introduction to Comparative Government. Vote based systems ensure fundamental individual opportunities of press, religion, affiliation, and discourse. (Hauss pg. 23) In this classification alone Cuba misses the mark regarding vote based system. In 2003 fifty-two prominent government nonconformists of the Cuban government were captured (Washington Post, Oct 2010) in an obvious endeavor to decrease hostile to socialist opinions. This appears to be a genuine pointer that Cuba comes up short on the acknowledgment of rights to be viewed as a majority rules system, while this is without a doubt valid, future hypothesis uncovers an admonition to this standard. The Cuban government has as of late liberated olitical detainees captured for contradict, a significant number of these detainees have been offered an arrangement by the socialist party in which they will be liberated from imprisonment and there sentence revoked, in the event that they consent to living banished for all time from Cuba (Washington Post, Oct 2010). While this is a long ways from the expressive opportunities appreciated in the United States just as most other industrialized vote based systems, it presents political researchers with an indication that maybe Cuba is changing ceaselessly from the extremist socialist goals that it was established on for a progressively majority rule xtend a long ways past the privilege to analysis of ones government; they likewise incorporate the option to rehearse religion uninhibitedly. While religion is straightforwardly drilled in Cuba, numerous strict nonentities are firmly checked by the socialist party (US State dept, 3/25/10). With respect to the primary measures for vote based system, Cuba misses the mark regarding satisfying the prerequisites, anyway the ongoing guarantee to discharge detained dissidents signals potential for change in the Governments position on residents rights. Progressing to the second measure characteristic of a majority rule government, we look o the presence, or scarcity in that department, serious decisions. In this division as well, Cuba misses the mark. In perusing the foundation data and contrasting it with recorded patterns talked about in class, it was anything but difficult to see that Cubas Fidel Castro created in his political profession much like Joseph Stalin. Both Stalin and Castro gathered a lot of their authenticity from a religion of character encompassing them. While honestly to a lesser degree, it can't be denied that Fidel Castro was held as a pioneer principally because of his persona instead of his capabilities as a ruler. With Castros disease nd following acquiescence it might have appeared to be feasible for decisions to happen too bad, this was not the situation. Raul Castro, Fidels sibling, presently lives at the most noteworthy seat in the socialist government (US State dept, 3/25/10). In spite of the fact that it is hazy who will make control when Raul strides down, (Schumacher-Matos 2010), clearly this line of progression from Fidel to Raul with no political decision unquestionably resists the standards delineated for a majority rules system. As the Cuban Communist government has just at any point had two pioneers, it is difficult to discern whether races are likely later on, yet at this ime Cuba determinedly neglects to satisfy this part of the vote based rules. Rule of Law is one more of the parts sketched out by Charles Hauss as being vital for the presence of popular government. In such manner similarly as with the past measures, Cuba misses the mark. For rule of law to exist a nation must not subjectively practice power (Hauss pg. 24). Cubas composed constitution as referenced above, keeps the nation totally outside this reason as it gives the legislature the ability to rebuff the individuals who, contradict the improvement of communism (US State dept, 3/25/10), anyway it eels essential. There is actually no compelling reason to investigate this model any more profound as the nations composed laws as of now make a powerlessness for majority rule government, as sketched out by Hauss, to exist. As the last basis for popular government that I will investigate, Capitalism is one more characteristic that Cuba needs be that as it may, the same number of the articles bring up, this might be changing as observed by the extreme arrangement change executed by the legislature to dispense with an enormous part of the state utilized specialists for a progress of these laborers to the private segment. Its a significant move towards a bigger private division n a communist economy. (Subsides, Lexington Institute, Nov. 2010). While at present more that 80% of Cubas workforce is utilized by the administration, (US State dept, 3/25/10), the transition to move more than 500,000 specialists (Malkin, Oct 2010), implies a basic advance toward an increasingly law based Cuba. While Cuba isn't free enterprise at the present, the transition to place laborers in the private segment surely advances Cuba closer to private enterprise than it has ever been previously. As demonstrated over and over in the above sections, Cuba is a long way from meeting any of the rules for popular government, cap being stated, the ongoing movements in strategy point to potential for an inexorably law based country. Frameworks hypothesis is another imperative device in contrasting nations, of Cuba to talk openly, there is are no courses for contributions with respect to the individuals. Similarly dynamic is similarly lopsided when contrasted with different nations as the main individuals ready to settle on choices are the thirty-one individuals from the socialist party initiative (US State dept, 3/25/10). Despite the fact that Systems hypothesis is a fabulous device for looking at nations, it has little application with respect to Cuba as he socialist legislature of this nation is at the present, totally extremist. Survey Cuba in its compatibility to other socialist nations, numerous comparable terms ring a bell. Edward Schumacher-Matos article, Easing the Impact of Cubas Coming Crisis, investigates the topic of Raul Castros capacity to control the Unraveling of the Perestroika (Shumacher-Matos 2010) . He keeps on contrasting the potential fate of Cuba with the authentic result of the USSRs breakdown under comparative conditions. As a trying political specialist, this makes me curious about the eventual fate of Cubas system. The inquiry is by all accounts, would cuba be able to stay an extremist socialist state with the present move for an increasingly industrialist workforce? I guess the truth will surface eventually, however dependent on verifiable patterns, it appears to be improbable that the extremist government will have the option to bear the change. To recap my investigation; with respect to the five rules for majority rules system as introduced by Charles Hauss, Cuba bombed wretchedly in serious decisions and rule of law, then again while positively a long way from industrialized popular governments, late advancements allude to the potential for upgrades in social liberties and the commonness of free enterprise. Most definitely in Cuba, it is practically outlandish until enhancements are made In the previously mentioned social liberties model. At last as it thinks about to other socialist nations, Cuba is giving indications of venturing to every part of the way of the USSR and confronting breakdown as Perestroika starts and the system is rebuilt. Taking everything into account, Cuba has become a monstrously interesting nation for political specialists as of late as it has started a few advances toward far more prominent democratization than it had ever experienced under its previous pioneer.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Major Depressive Episodes in Bipolar Disorder

Major Depressive Episodes in Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Depression Print Major Depressive Episodes in Bipolar Disorder The Low Side of Bipolar Disorder By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 15, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 13, 2020 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights AleksandarNakic / Getty Images In order for a diagnosis of bipolar disorder to be made, a patient has to have a history of at least one major depressive episode or be in one at the time of diagnosis.?? There must also be a history of or a current manic or hypomanic episode. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) contains a list of specific symptoms that may be present and specifies several rules about those symptoms. First, the symptoms have to be continuous for at least two weeks (of course, they often continue much, much longer). In addition, at least one of the first two symptoms listed below must be present; at least five or more of all the symptoms listed must be present. Changes in the DSM-5 on Bipolar Disorder Symptoms The symptoms listed in the DSM-5 that your doctor will look for are:?? Depressed mood most of the day, almost every day, during the minimum two-week period. Feelings of sadness, emptiness, hopelessness or depression, or crying for no apparent reason may be reported by the individual or by family and friends. Although irritability is listed as a symptom of depressed mood in children but not adults, it is still true that adults may be abnormally bad-tempered, cross and touchy.Loss of interest in most or all normally enjoyable activities, continuing for most of the day nearly every day.?? For example, someone who really likes to take walks will start staying at home; a person who loves particular television shows watches them with no enthusiasm or doesnt even turn the TV on; somebody who adores cooking now cant be bothered and just sticks food in the microwave. Reminder: One of the previous two mood symptoms has to be there for a major depressive episode to be diagnosed. Then, in addition, three to four of the following symptoms also need to be present:?? Increase or decrease in appetite most days, or a significant increase or decrease in weight over a month (more than 5% of body weight).Insomnia or hypersomnia almost every day (difficulty sleeping, or sleeping far too much).??Unusual agitation or restlessness OR being sluggish and hesitant and/or confused in speech nearly every day (psychomotor agitation or psychomotor retardation).Fatigue or loss of energy almost every day. This might take the form of being too tired to do normal daily activities like housework, or not having the energy to go to work. It may be quite severe and even disabling.Feelings of worthlessness and/or feelings of guilt that are excessive or not related to anything a person who isnt depressed would feel guilty about. Again, this must occur almost every day during a two-week period.Trouble concentrating and/or making decisions nearly every day. For example, an employee told to make a plan for getting a bunch of work done might be unable to evaluate the situatio n properly or make any decisions about it.Recurring thoughts of death or of being dead; imagining committing suicide without making a plan (suicidal ideation); a suicide attempt or the making of plans to commit suicide. Most Common Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder Factors That Rule Out a Depressive Episode If a patient is experiencing five or more of the above symptoms, including one of the first two, there are still some factors that would either rule out a major depressive episode or would lead to a different diagnosis. The symptoms must not be caused by a substance such as an illegal drug or a medication.??The symptoms cant be caused by a medical condition, such as thyroid disorder, lupus,?? or a vitamin deficiency. Symptoms of psychosis (hallucinations and/or delusions) may occur in severe depression.?? However, if the symptoms are mood-incongruent (that is, they arent related to anything in the persons life), another disorder may be diagnosed. Some of the possibilities are schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, and delusional disorder.If depressive symptoms are present a majority of the time for two years, but they dont meet enough of the above criteria for a major depressive episode, a patient may be diagnosed with dysthymia. If a patients depression is dysthymic and he or she also has hypomanic episodes, the patient may be diagnosed with cyclothymia.The symptoms are not better accounted for by bereavement due to the loss of a loved one.??The symptoms dont also incl ude those that would lead to the diagnosis of a mixed episode, which is currently defined as occurring only in bipolar I disorder and contains both manic and depressive symptoms. Depressive vs. Hypomanic or Manic Episodes One study found that depression is three times more common than mania in bipolar I disorder, and another study found that over the natural course of bipolar II disorder, the amount of time spent in depression was up to 39 times more common than the time spent in hypomania.

Major Depressive Episodes in Bipolar Disorder

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Conservative John Birch Society Was Ridiculed But Had Political Impact

The John Birch Society was a political group on the extreme right that emerged in the late 1950s, determined to continue the anti-communist crusade of the late Senator Joseph McCarthy. The organization took positions which mainstream America regarded as outlandish.Ã‚ As a result, it was often mocked and satirized. The organization, which took its name from an American killed by the communist Chinese at the end of World War II, was founded in 1958 by Robert Welch, who had made a fortune in the candy business. Welch organized the group into many regional chapters whichÃ‚ spread his offbeat views while exerting political influence at the local level. In early 1960s the John Birch Society was embroiled in a number of newsworthy controversies. And in the 1964 campaign of Barry Goldwater the influence of the groups hardcore ideology was evident. Historian Richard Hofstadter, in a famous 1964 essay titled The Paranoid Style In American Politics, cited the John Birch Society as a modern example of a political group using fear and a feeling of persecution as an organizing principle. Despite criticism from the mainstream, the group continued to grow. In 1968, on the 10th anniversary of its founding, the New York Times, in a front-page article, noted that it claimed to have 60,000 to 100,000 members. It was producing a radio show that aired on 100 stations nationwide, had opened its own chain of bookstores, and was provided staunch anti-communist speakers to address groups. Over time the John Birch Society seemed to fade into obscurity. Yet some of the extremist positions, as well as the tactics of the organization, wendedÃ‚ their way into more mainstream conservative political groups. Traces of the groups ideology can be spotted in conservative circles today. Accusations from conservative pundits during the Trump administration that a Deep State is subverting democracy areÃ‚ eerily similar to conspiracy theories about hidden forces behind the U.S. government promoted by the John Birch Society decades earlier. And talk of globalists manipulating the American economy echoes talk of pernicious internationalists in John Birch Society literature. Founding of the John Birch Society Following the death of Senator Joseph McCarthy in 1957, his followers, who fervently believed the United States was not only threatened, but actively infiltrated, by a worldwide communist conspiracy, were adrift. A businessman in Massachusetts, Robert Welch, who had made his fortune by organizing distribution channels in the candy business, called a meeting of other anti-communist activists. At a two-day gathering at a home in Indiana, Welch laid out his plans. He claimed the other attendees were 11 businessmen who had traveled from all regions of the United States, though they were never identified. In a rambling monologue, portions of which were later published and distributed, Welch essentially gave his version of world history. He asserted that a group that formed in Bavaria in the late 1700s, called the Illuminati, had helped spur the French Revolution and other world events, including World War I. Welch claimed that a secret group of international bankers had created the American Federal Reserve system, and controlled the American economy. Welchs exotic and convoluted theories of history seemed unlikely to gain acceptance with a wide audience. Yet his plan was to couple his dire warnings of secret agendas with the organizational skills he had developed in his business career. In essence, Welch proposed creating local chapters of the John Birch Society which would function much the way a neighborhood store would have retailed candy. His political ideas, geared to an audience of wary Americans during the Cold War, would be promoted at the local level. An early Cold War incident inspired the name of Welchs new organization. While researching a book, Welch had come across the story of an American intelligence officer who was also a Christian missionary in China during World War II. At the end of the war, the American officer, John Birch, had been captured and executed by communist Chinese forces. (Government records disputed Welchs account of Birchs death, which prompted Welch to claim pro-communist elements in the U.S. government had suppressed the facts.) Welch considered Birch to be the first casualty of Americas struggle against worldwide communism. By using Birchs name as a rallying cry, Welch sought to make resistance to communist infiltration the central mission of his organization. Public Perception The new organization found a receptive audience among politically conservative Americans who were opposed to changes taking place in America. The John Birch Society was fixated on a perceived communist menace, but it broadened that to include generally liberal ideas going back to the New Deal of the 1930s. In opposition to the landmark Brown vs. Board of Education ruling, Welch and his followers opposed the desegregation of schools. Members of the John Birch Society, often at local school boards, declared that integrated schools were part of the communist plot to weaken America. Wherever John Birch Society chapters appearedÃ‚ there seemed to be controversy. Members accused local officials of being communist dupes or outright communists. By early 1961 news articles about the group were becoming common, and church groups, labor unions, and prominent politicians, began denouncing the organization as dangerous and anti-American. At various times Welch and his followers attacked Eleanor Roosevelt and former presidents Truman and Eisenhower. As part of its agenda against integration and liberal ideas in general, the group promoted the idea of impeaching, Earl Warren, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. The groups billboards proclaiming Impeach Earl Warren appeared beside American highways. In early 1961 an American general, Edwin Walker, was accused of distributing John Birch Society literature to soldiers stationed in Europe. President John F. Kennedy was asked about the Walker situation during a press conference on April 21, 1961. Kennedy at first avoided mentioning the John Birch Society directly, but a reporter pressed him on it. Kennedy gave an answer:. Well, I dont think that their judgments are based on accurate information of the kinds of challenges that we face. I think we face an extremely serious and intensified struggle with the Communists. But I am not sure that the John Birch Society is wrestling with the real problems which are created by the Communist advance around the world. After citingÃ‚ a number of points of conflicts with communist nations and guerrillas around the globe, Kennedy concluded: And I would hope all those who are concerned about the advance of communism would face that problem and not concern themselves with the loyalty of President Eisenhower, President Truman, or Mrs [Franklin D.] Roosevelt or myself or someone else. The following day, the New York Times published an editorial denouncing the John Birch Society as a addition to the lunatic fringe of American life. The editorial contained scathing remarks:Ã‚ Lost in a world of fantasy, the John Birchers are busily looking for Communists in the White House, the Supreme Court, the classrooms, and presumably under the bed. Skepticism of the organization wasnt restricted to the nations elite press. A dispute over the group even became part of pop music history. Bob Dylan wrote a song, Talkin John Birch Paranoid Blues, which poked fun at the group. Invited to perform on the Ed Sullivan Show in May 1963, the 21-year-old Dylan intended to sing that particular song. CBS Television executives, apparently fearful of offending pro-Birch viewers, wouldnt let him. Dylan refused to sing another song, and during the programs dress rehearsal he walked out of the studio. He never did appear on the Ed Sullivan Show. Impact On the Mainstream Much of America might have scoffed at the John Birch Society, but within the Republican Party the group was exerting pressure.Ã‚ The presidential campaign of Republican nominee and stalwart conservative Barry Goldwater was influenced by the John Birch Society. Goldwater himself never explicitly aligned himself with the group, but in his famous line at the 1964 Republican National Convention, Extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice, many heard echoes of the John Birch Society. As American society changed in the 1960s, the John Birch Society continued to rail against the Civil Rights Movement. Yet Robert Welch refused to support Americas involvement in Vietnam, as he contended it was being sabotaged by communists within the United States government. Familiar themes of the John Birch Society became part of the campaign of independent presidential candidate George Wallace in 1968. Following the 1960s, the organization seemed to fade into irrelevance. Mainstream conservatives such as William F. Buckley had denounced its extreme views, and as the conservative movement transformed itself leading up to theÃ‚ 1980 election of Ronald Reagan, it kept a distance from Robert Welch and his followers. Welch died in 1985. He had retired from the organization he founded after suffering a stroke in 1983. Legacy of the John Birch Society To many Americans, the John Birch Society was a peculiar relic from the 1960s which had faded away. But the organization still exists, and it can be argued that some of its extremist rhetoric, which drew jeers decades ago, has seeped into the mainstream of the conservative movement. Accusations about government conspiracies which are regularly touted in venues such as Fox News or conservative talk radio do seem similar to conspiracy theories that once circulated in books and pamphlets published by the John Birch Society. The most prominent proponent of conspiracy theories today, Alex Jones, on whose program Donald Trump appeared as a presidential candidate, routinelyÃ‚ echoes longstanding John Birch Society assertions. In the summer of 2017 Politico published an article about John Birch Society chapters in Texas. According to the report, the groups members had been successful in getting the Texas legislature to introduce bills aimed at such things as restricting suspected United Nations activities in Texas and curtailing the rumored spread of Sharia Law in America. The article contended that the John Birch Society was alive and well, and the group was gaining new members.

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Essay on Physiological Disorders - 2646 Words

Physiological disorders: In this assignment I am going to describe two physiological disorder in details, the details that I am going to go into is what the disorder is, signs and symptoms, cause of the disorder, physiological changes as a result of treatment and the factors influencing the development of the disorder, explain the signs and symptoms related to two named physiological disorders, describe the investigations that care carried out to enable the diagnosis of these physiological disorders and assess possible difficulties involved in the diagnosis of the disorders from their signs and symptoms. P1 The two physiological disorders that I am going to talk about are Diabetes and Asthma. Diabetes: What is diabetes?Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â‚¬ ¦In type 1 is risks will mostly be if itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s genetically. In the family, if anyone that has type 1 diabetes it could be a parent or sibling. Genetics, when checked through clinical trials to see if someone who has a family history of the type. Geography, people living in different places might be affected with diabetes more than someone living in London. Viral experience may trigger the virus if the cells are infected. Low vitamin D levels, like when early drinking of cowÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s milk because thatÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s the common foundation of vitamin D. Other dietary factors like Omega 3 fatty acids offer protection against type 1 diabetes. In type 2 the risks are more to do with obesity and looking after yourself physically and mentally, the older you get you might become obese, lack of exercise not being active and being lazy and overweight. Your diet, when youÃ¢â‚¬â„¢re eating unhealthy food all the time. Any family history where you cannot do much about your genetic history but you have been aware and you are ready. As you get older it seems to find you, as you age type 2 diabetes develop as the pancreas pumps less insulin and high blood pressure and high cholesterol are the two major symptoms of pre diabetes. Asthma: What is asthma? Asthma is a very common circumstance where the airways happen to irritated and inflamed, this causes the airway to become more narrower than normal andShow MoreRelatedDepression as a Physiological Disorder Essay1376 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesDepression as a Physiological Disorder When researching the above statement, I have taken into account what I consider to be some of the main physiological and biological arguments regarding depression as a physical illness, as well as several psychodynamic and behavioural theories in order to attempt to compare the two and result in understanding how true the above statement is. When looking at the physiological view, it can be useful to look at the biological explanationRead MoreBipolar Disorder Is A Complex Physiological And Psychological Disorder1965 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 8 Pagesups and downs and the feelings that are caused by suffering from bipolar disorder? Bipolar disorder is a complex physiological and psychological disorder that can influence and manipulate a person s thoughts and actions in their daily life. What are common traits that come from people with bipolar disorder? Are there common things that are seen among people with the disorder like lying? What can help calm down the disorder and help someone maintain a normal life? Throughout this paper I will beRead MoreThe Effectiveness of Medicine in Physiological Disorders Essay995 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesPhysiological disorders are characterized as mental disorders. Any abnormality bizarre reactions concerning behavioral or mental state that occurs frequently and that is eventually affecting the personÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s life, is considered a psychological disorder. People who suffer from mental disorders have difficulties relating, socializing, communicating, and building relationships because of their mental state. There is a huge variety of psychological disorders. Some are more dangerous for the person and canRead MorePhysiological Disorders2825 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 12 PagesÃ¯ » ¿P1- Explain the nature of TWO named physiological disorders. In this assignment I will be looking at the nature of two named physiological disorders. I will explain its sign and symptoms and access possible difficulties involved in the diagnosis of the disorders from their signs and symptoms. The two physiological disorders are coronary heart disease and breast cancer. Coronary heart disease: Coronary heart disease is the build-up of plaque such as cholesterol and other fatty substances withinRead MoreUnit 14 Physiological Disorders1154 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesCauses of sign and symptoms People with Alzheimer disease also develop deposits of protein and fibre that prevent the cells from working properly. When this happens, the cells cant send the right signals to other parts of the brain. Over time, brain cells affected by Alzheimer also begin to shrink and denature. Causes of sign and symptoms People with Alzheimer disease also develop deposits of protein and fibre that prevent the cells from working properly. When this happens, the cells cantRead MoreWhat Is The Nature Of Two Physiological Disorders998 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pagesdiagnosis and the nature of two physiological disorders In this assignment, I will be writing about two physiological disorders; a stroke which is a circulatory disorder and asthma which is a respiratory system disorder. A physiological disorder is Ã¢â‚¬Å"an illness that interferes with the way that the functions of the body are carried out.Ã¢â‚¬ (Billingham et al, 2016). Stroke A stroke is the first physiological disorder I will be writing about. A stroke is a circulatory disorder which affects the brain. A strokeRead Moreevaluate the effectiveness of health and social care practitioners and agencies working together to deliver the care pathway for one of the chosen physiological disorders3153 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 13 PagesÃ¯ » ¿Unit 14 Ã¢â‚¬â€œ physiological disorders P1 P2 P3 Explain the nature of two named physiological disorders Explain the signs and symptoms Describe the investigations that are carried out to enable the diagnosis. The two physiological disorders I will be talking about in this assignment is hypertension and Diabetes. Pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary hypertension is a lung disorder. The arteries that carry blood from the heart to the lungs become narrowed, making it very hard for the blood toRead MoreSigns of a Sleep Disorder641 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 3 Pagessign of a sleep disorder. Sleep disorders is a term used to describe any medical disorder that effects a personÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s sleeping patterns. These disorders vary in types, levels of severity, and effect, but all of them eventually lead to poor sleep quality, and subsequently, other bigger health problems owing to the fact that the absence of quality sleep can have a serious negative impact on a personÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s energy, emotions, and overall health. Furthermore, the causes of all sleeping disorders vary from environmentalRead MoreHealth Promotion Of Mental Health756 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pagesconsider health promotion in mental health (MH). Specifically how the Social Cognitive approach (SCT) is applied to programs in the field of mental health. It appears that SCT has been extensi vely applied to physiological health promotion (Bandura, 2004) more so than that of mental health disorders and problems. Although there may be less inquiry into behaviour changes in MH, stigma (individual and collective) in MH has been examined in relation to SCT guided programs. The two intervention articles readRead MoreGenetic Counseling : A New Field Emerging From An Intersection Between Genetics, Medicine, And Psychology1249 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 Pagescomprehend medical information, including the management for various disorders. These individuals must also have an in-depth understanding of how heredity contributes to the risk and occurrence of disorders. They must be able to help individuals choose and follow the most appropriate course of actions based on their risk and occurrence. Specifically, genetic counseling works with human problems associated with the risk of occurrence of a disorder in a family. At this point, despite its emphasis on psychological

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Essay on Both Sides of Gun Control in the United States

Usually when people think about guns they think about crime. But are the two really related? Do guns really lead to crime? And if they do, do laws that restrict firearm ownership and the use of guns stop the crime or protect people? These are the questions many politicians are asking themselves when creating gun control laws. The debate over gun control is nothing new. As you can see this debate still goes on today and is the cause for the beginning of gun control laws. Guns are extremely powerful weapons. They can cause destruction, harm or even death. They can be used to defend and protect or to threaten and kill. However you look at it, guns are powerful instruments, not only physically but socially. As high school students it isÃ¢â‚¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Though they are different between each state, there are some basic federal laws that are working nationwide. These include that no person convicted of a crime can own a gun, a person must be 21 or older to purchase a handgun and that ?persons who engage in the business of buying or selling firearms must be licensed? (NRA). One of the laws having the biggest impact was the 1993 Brady Handgun Control Act which is now in affect in 32 states. This act requires a waiting period for the purchase of a handgun and a background check system to ensure against the possession of guns by felons. The effects of gun control laws have been highly effective but they don?t stop people from trying to get a firearm. The Brady Handgun Control Act made it more difficult to purchase and own a gun. Pro-gun affiliates see gun control laws as a way for the government to dictate the people. The real question is, Who should own a gun and what restrictions should they have to be able to keep it? This question is important to everyone related to the issue. Weapons have a big role in everyone?s lives. Most have their own hunting rifle or a collectible pistol. But either of these in the hands of a youth in your neighborhood could be dangerous. Americans value their rights to freedoms granted to them by the Constitution, which includes the possession of firearms as stated in the Second Amendment.Show MoreRelatedGun Control Laws Should Be Enacted1334 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesGun Control in America Gun Control in America has been argued back and forth for decades past. On one side it is strongly believed that the Second Amendment suggests that individual citizens have a constitutionally protected right to own a gun and protect themselves. These individuals believe that gun control laws do not in fact reduce gun violence. On the other side it is said if Gun Control laws are enacted there would be less gun and school violence. Also, it would be harder for criminals andRead MoreGun Control1106 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 Pagesgames, veganism, etc. Gun control is one of the most highly contested debates in our nation today and is currently relevant due to the recent mass shooting in Las Vegas. The majority of those who are in favor of gun control believe regulation will lead to a safer society and they donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t want any more people to die from shootings. Others argue against gun control stating that it is their right as an American to own a gun if they choose to. While itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s reason able to say that both sides of the debate wantRead MoreEssay on The Gun Control Debate865 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesI have a very strict gun control policy: if theres a gun around, I want to be in control of it. -- Clint Eastwood Gun control has a history dating back to 1791, when the Second Amendment of the Constitution was ratified. However, more recently, the debate over gun control has escalated into a much more public issue to which many citizens can relate. After all, stories about incidents involving guns appear frequently today in newspapers and on television or the radio. One could say thatRead MoreGun Control Laws Should Not The Safety Of The Citizens1681 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 Pagesnumber one country for number of gun related deaths ratio each year. Ã¢â‚¬Å"In Germany 381, in France 255, in Canada 165 in the United Kingdom 68, in Australia 65, in Japan 39 and in the United States, 11,127Ã¢â‚¬ (Moore Michael, 51:15-51:48). Due to the United States having the greatest number of gun related deaths, it is almost essential to implement gun-control laws that restrict people from purchasing and owning dangerous firearms. The laws that are created to control the guns should ultimately keep the safetyRead MoreTh e Issue Of Gun Control1208 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesWill Christopherson Traverson English 2 1 March 2017 Gun Control The United States has 88.8 guns per 100 people, or about 270,000,000 guns, which is the highest total and per capita number across the globe. The current public gun control debate in the United States seems to be placed on standby until it is sparked up by a major mass shooting. There were at least 126 mass shootings between January 2000 and July 2014.(pro). Opponents of more gun laws accuse supporters of using a horrific event to furtherRead MoreGun Debate to Bear Arms Essay538 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 3 Pagesturn on the news there has been a mass shooting somewhere in the United States. This sparked up massive debates about the right to bear arms. Then lobbyists like the NRA, (National Rifle Association), step in and started to protect our rights to have firearms. Since then people all over the United States have been debating about gun rights. The Second Amendment, Ã¢â‚¬Å"a well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arm s, shall not be infringedÃ¢â‚¬ Read MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1058 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 Pageslandscape across the United States currently than that of gun control. Advocates on either side of the issue are quick to voraciously fight for what they believe, as well as to tear down anyone who sees the issue differently. But unlike other issues, it seems that gun control advocacy does not rest on a spectrum; either you are pro-gun control or you are against it, and anyone caught in the middle is likely to get flak from both sides. But why is the issue of gun control such a hot topic? AndRead MoreMass Shootings : Will Gun Control Legislation Provide Effective Prevention?1689 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 Pagesshootings: Will gun control legislation provide effective prevention? Currently in the United States, there is a large debate going on about what we should do about gun control. This issue played a large role in the recent election of our president Donald Trump. In this issue, there are two sides as well as a middle section that agrees slightly with both sides. On the extreme sides of the issue, some people believe that guns should be completely not allowed in the United States, while some believeRead MoreGun Control And The United Kingdom952 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pagesare have been 312 mass shootings all across the United States. Within the 312 mass shootings there has been 20 school shootings, including the Umpqua Community College shooting that just happened nearly a month ago. Both sides of the political spectrum cannot come with a Bi-partisanship agreement on guns. Even though Congress cannot decide whether or not to in act some type of gun control order what if gun control was not the answer? Gun Control, are a set of laws and policies of transfer, ownershipRead MoreAn Informative Essay on Gun Control1289 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 Pages Due date Informative Essay on Gun Control Introduction The right to possess guns is a fundamental element to American identity. The right to own and operate guns under certain circumstances is in fact guaranteed as part of the United States Constitution. Over the course of American history and particularly in the 21st century, there exists a great debate over the possession of guns of private citizens. Both sides of the debate argue with fervor. There are those that argue fervently for

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Social Role Theory free essay sample

One of the many theories in history is social role theory suggested by both Orville Brim and Talcott Parsons (Newman and Newman, 2012). Both sociologists believed socialization and personality development was the result of participation (Newman and Newman, 2012) in social roles they had in life, and they defined those roles as behaviors that had a socially agreed upon function and accepted code of norms. One could say that behavior was influenced by social positions. Brim and Parsons idea of social of roles came from theatre, and they purported that individuals in society occupied similar social positions in life (Newman and Newman, 2012). PeopleÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s performance in these social roles or positions is determined by demands, rules, and the reactions of others in response to their roles. According to Brim and Parsons, social role theory has three elements (Newman and Newman, 2012) of concern that apply to social life. These include social roles, role enactment, and role expectations (Newman and Newman). Social roles are the roles we play in life such as employee, mother, or child. We may have many different roles in our lives, and, as we get older or our situations change, we may take on more. For example, when a married woman has a child, she then has the role of both wife and caretaker. If she later joins the workforce, she assumes the role of worker in addition to the roles she already has. She then acts or has a part in the play of worker, mother, and wife. The second element of social role is role enactment, which is the behavior that serves as the outcome of the role (Newman and Newman). With enactment being the conduct of the personÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s role, the last element is role expectation which is the performance of the actorÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s role. The actor must know or learn his or her obligations and duties. For example sixteen year old with a new driverÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s license has the role of driver and theÃ‚ responsibilities that come with it. As people enter into and modify each of their roles, they modify their behavior to conform to the expectations, and each role is linked to several reciprocal roles (Newman and Newman, 2012). For example, a parent and a child, a bully and a victim, or a doctor and a patient reciprocal roles. Each role is partly defined by the roles that support it and the function of the role by its surrounding role groups (Newman and Newman, 2012). Almost everyone balances multiple commitments to a spouse, children, job, parents, and friends (Newman and Newman, 2012). Once a person has decided on a position or positions in life, the demands of their roles may cause further restraints. This could result in role overload, role conflict, or role spillover (Newman and Newman, 2001). When the actorÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s part has too many demands and there is not enough time allowed to meet them, it is known as overload. For example, employees may have to take on the extra work and meet the same deadline of an employee who left the company creating overload for everyone. When we find ourselves pulled in too many directions from the roles we play in life (expectations), it may create role conflict. It can also happen when we go from one role to many or are forced to make choices between them. Sometimes we have to compromise with our roles and it creates conflict because it doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t satisfy either one. For example, similar to conflict is spillover, which happens when one role prevents us from carrying out the demands of another role (Newman and Newman, 2012). Evaluation Role strain is similar to role conflict and is often defined as difficulty meeting roles or balancing competing role demands (Newman and Newman, 2012). Many of todayÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s single parents or working parents experience role strain. According to Scharlach (2001), todays employees are faced with greater work and family responsibilities than ever before. With most parents in the paid workforce, having children under the age of six difficulties can be experienced by working these parents as they attempt to balance competing demands of employment and childrearing (Scharlach, 2001). Additionally, more than 70% of working parents expressed stress as a result of conflict between their work and family roles (Scharlach, 200). Role strain happens when it is too hard to cope with work and family demands because of lack of resources.Ã‚ Schedules and hours often fall into work related variables while division of household labor and time spent in caregiving fall into family variables (Lee, Vernon-Feagans, Vazquez, and Kolak, 2003). Research has shown that role strain is more likely to affect women in dual-earner families as women often shoulder more of the responsibilities of both the home and the family. Furthermore, this unequal division of labor increases the risk of spillover from one role to the other for women (Lee et al., 2003). Researchers interested in the roles of family have begun to look at the effects of parental role strain on child functioning. According to Lee et al. (2003), families with lower role conflict and more emotional expressiveness and organization have been found to function better. One of the major factors affecting the structure of family in recent years has been the increase in single parenting families, 90% of which are headed by women (Burden, 2001). In spite of increased employment opportunities for women, one issue still facing single mothers and their children today is poverty. Single females who balance the role of caregiver and worker experience a great deal of emotional difficulty (strain) as they only have themselves to rely on for a source of income. Single women who are parents often maintain their performance both at work and home at the expense of their physical and emotional well-being (Burden, 2001). Two Strengths and Weaknesses One strength of role theory is the idea that individuals take on roles as they move from one life stage to another. In a sense, if they are expected to fill certain roles in life, they will. For example, as a child reaches the age related to high school, they will take on the roles related to high school student and demonstrate relevant skills (Newman and Newman, 2012). Doing his homework on time, passing his courses, and maybe electing to participate in a sport or school club shows he understands his role. It can also happen in teams, organizations, and societies, if the company is using role theory to help employees succeed in a positive way. The power of role theory is recognizable and social roles provide consistency to life experience and prompts opportunities for new learning (Newman and Newman, 2012). Although the above mentioned can be positive, itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s worth mentioningÃ‚ that role theory rests on the assumption that many people want affirmation and they seek this by conforming. People behave in a way that is expected, even if it is not what the individual wants. This can be the divorced parent, single parent, peacemaker, workaholic, responsible one, or victim. Newman and Newman (2012), also suggest that personal involvement in relationships contribute to ones formation of social identity. Individuals who are members of groups that suffer discrimination and injustice may make radical shifts in their lives in a desire to move to another system with a more rewarding role. Cul tural Competence Social role theory uses a structural approach rather than a cultural approach in that family, organizations, and communities have caused different behavior in men and women (Dulin, 2007). Perception is that roles are based on gender and stereotypical gender roles are forms by social norms that apply people of certain social positions (Dulin, 2007). In other words, society has shared expectations of women, and these expectations form gender roles for both women and men (Dulin, 2007). As a result, people tend to do what is expected of them or act in ways that the roles imply, resulting in a perpetuation of sex differences. Division of labor was the possible culprit that designated the differences between males and females inducing gender role expectations and sex-typed beliefs and behaviors (Dulin, 2007). However, as women progress in the work world, certain stereotypes are disappearing and or changing (Dulin, 2007). One limitation to sole role theory may be that itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s not as relevant to todayÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s culture as it may have been in the 1980Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s (Dulin, 2007). With gender roles not being as pronounced or defined as 20 years ago social role theory does not appear culturally competent in todayÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s society. Social Policy Implication Throughout history social role theory has recognized a division of labor with women as caretakers at home and men assuming responsibilities outside the home. With increased single parenting in recent decades, primary implications for government policy relate to the situation of parent employees as a whole, females in particular, since they have responsibility of both family and job (Burden, 2001). Female single parents receive lower salaries, work longer hours at combined job and home responsibilities, andÃ‚ experience greater job-family role strain and lower levels emotional well-being (Burden, 2001). With almost half the workforce now comprising women, policy needs to include incentives to lessen the inequality currently experienced by women in the workforce (Burden, 2001). Current policy has been based on traditional families of womanÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s role of child bearer and manÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s role as breadwinner. Therefore, policies need to address the demand and supply side of discrimination against women and single parents in the work place (Burden, 2001). Demand policies would include affirmative action, on the job training to increase mobility, and programs to provide support to parent employees. Supply policies would include childcare programs, employment and training programs, and enforcement of child support to improve economic status (Burden, 2001). Social Role Theory and Psychosocial Theory Though I see the importance of social role, I believe I would use psychosocial theory more in my career as a social worker. I can understand Brim and TalcottÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s approach of people as actors with a part to play and having a script to follow (Newman and Newman, 2001). However, EriksonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s theory is clearer to me. With regard to human development, psychosocial development addresses growth across the life span, assumes individuals have the capacity to contribute to their own psychological development at each stage, and takes into consideration culture for individual growth (Newman and Newman, 2001). Erikson purports there are 8 stages of development, and if each stage is completed well Erickson suggests a new sense of mastery or competence in life. This does not mean, however, that a person cannot function if a stage or level has not been achieved or reached. This would be true in the case of single parents experiencing difficulty balancing numerous responsibilities. In future practice I would be sure to look at what stage of development the individual was in, or possibly reverting back to. Resolving psychosocial crisis and coping behaviors would be key elements in working with struggling single parent families.

Saturday, April 4, 2020

Elements of a Typical College Paper

Sunday, March 8, 2020

Karl Marx and the Communist Manifesto essays

Karl Marx and the Communist Manifesto essays Karl Marx's The Communist Manifesto forecasted the downfall of capitalism and the rise of communism. It predicted that the communist revolution was most likely to take place first in Britain or Germany because of their high population of proletarian factory workers. However, he was proved incorrect because these factory workers were happy with their conditions and felt no need to revolt. The Communist Manifesto appeals mostly to the lowest of the lower class, what he called the "proletariat". The idea of a communist society is that everything is owned by the state. People are paid "from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs"; meaning that depending on how many people the salary must support is the determining factor in the size of the paycheck. This would appeal to the proletariats because it would put them on equal footing with everyone else. The abolishment of a class system benefited them greatly. Marx reasoned that his ideas appealed most to the working class, therefore it would catch on in countries with large populations of working-class people, i.e. Germany and Britain. The reason that a communist revolution did not take place in Britain is due simply to Marx's timing. The Communist Manifesto was published in 1848, but the ideas of Marxism did not catch on until the 1870s-80s. When it was first published, the British Industrial Revolution had already started. When its popularity began to rise, it did not catch on in England because working conditions in the English factories had improved drastically from what they had once been. The "oppressed" people Marx was trying to appeal to in 1848 did not feel oppressed when they were being informed of the communist ideals, so, therefore, they had no reason to revolt. They were happy with the way things were because they had already gotten so much better. In the 1820s-30s, when the English proletariats felt oppressed, would have been the ideal time for a revo...

Friday, February 21, 2020

The Logic of Customer Satisfaction and Retention of Hilton Group Plc Research Paper

The Logic of Customer Satisfaction and Retention of Hilton Group Plc - Research Paper Example The traditional and the conventional way of doing business are becoming obsolete as newer methods are taking up the slots and it is particularly true for the service industry. In the case of the service industry, the customer is the undoubted king and every possible measure is initiated so that the esteemed customer is not just satisfied but is happy so that he is retained as the industry knows the fact very well that it is more difficult to get hold of a new customer than to retain an existing client. The logic of customer satisfaction and retention also applies to the hotel industry and renowned hotel chain - Hilton Group, Plc is no different. In the case of a hotel group, the service offered is totally dependent upon the people and the team of the group. Therefore, there is absolutely no doubt about the fact that human resource management is one of the most crucial aspects of such organisations. In fact, in the competitive industry of today, human resource policies are not just limited with that of the employee development and handling of employee grievances but also contribute towards the customer satisfaction and thereby towards the profitability of the group. In 2001, the renowned hotel group had more than 60,000 employees across 500 hotels all over the globe, in 50 countries. For the convenience of the business, the group had divided the operations of the hotel into four different global divisions namely UK and Ireland, Europe Ã¢â‚¬â€œ the Middle East and Africa, Asia Pacific and the Americas. Each of the divisions had dedicated a team of professionals to run their operations under the leadership of the Area Presidents. In the year 1999, the group joined hands with another hotel group of repute named Stakis, Plc and undertook a number of initiatives to upkeep the momentum of the employees going. The group came up with two prominent schemes namely the Ã¢â‚¬ËœequilibriumÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ and the Ã¢â‚¬ËœespritÃ¢â‚¬â„¢.

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

The concept of literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The concept of literacy - Essay Example ng it literally and directly applying it as suggested by the text but literacy is about understanding and expanding information beyond the boundaries of its connotations. Indeed, a person may be able read texts but may not be capable of making sense of the text. For instance, an Asian student may be able to read out loud English documents but is inadequate in terms of interpreting the meaning of the words. The student is therefore illiterate of the English language although his literacy is not limited to the language itself because literacy involves other aspects as well such as information and its application in real life situations. It is thus my discourse that literacy is not limited to an individualÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s capability to read, write and interpret reading materials but it also incorporates understanding, analyzing and applying them in order to improve lives and benefit oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s self and other people in the different aspects of life. With the rise of the number of students going to college regardless of their learning abilities, it could be said that education is overrated. Education is often associated with literacy however it is not necessarily true that an educated person is a literate individual. Instead, oneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s literacy is determined not by his diplomas and schools attended but how he is able to put to use the education he has acquired. In the previous example, the Asian student cannot be completely defined as literate or illiterate. His ability to read aloud English texts does not show his literacy but his inability to understand the readings also does not say everything about his illiteracy. This is because even though the student may not be able to understand the context of the materials written in English but if he comprehends it when it is written in his own language, then there is a big difference. Literacy is not simply about understanding a certain discourse but it is also being able to think independently to decide whether one agrees, disagrees or has

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein Purification

Recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein Purification A series of experiments were performed on the E.coli strain BL21 pLysS pRSETA-GFPUV in order to express and purify a recombinant form of Green Fluorescent Protein (rGFP) using Ni2+-Agarose chromatography based on the rGFP His6 tag properties. A rGFP crude extract (GCE) was collected and later purified resulting in 10 washes and 10 elutions. A Bradford assay was performed on the first 6 samples of the washes and elutions to determine activity via relative fluorescent units (RFUs). A sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-Page) followed to determine purity of the samples and a Western Blot verified the presence of rGFP. The sample with the highest activity was the E3 having 31,927 RFUs with an estimated purity of 10 percent and a molecular weight of 36 kDa. The estimated total yield of our protein is 2.07 ug. Introduction First discovered by Osamu Shimomura in 1961, the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) was isolated and identified as a protein that fluoresce green light. When calcium binds to the photoprotein aequorin, in vitro aequorin produces blue light (1). However, in the original jelleyfish A. equorea victoria green light was produced. The green light produced was the result of a second protein GFP driving its excitation energy from aequorin (2). After purification, GFP is a protein of 238 amino acids absorbing blue light at 395 nm and emitting green light at nearly 509 nm (2, 3, 4). This chromophore is very stable towards multiple harsh conditions including extreme pH and heat (5). The Aequorea GFP also measures to be at 30 kDa monomer (6). Purifying rGFP required a unique way of identifying the protein without isolating other protein contaminants. This particular rGFP was tagged genetically to the N-terminal of the protein sequence. This tag is useful due to the unique property of the chromatography technique used. Using Ni2+ -agarose affinity chromatography, the histadine tagged rGFP binds to the Ni2+ , thereby attaching this particular protein to the column. Next, the rGFP is eluted from the Ni2+ -agarose column by running a competitor compound that has a higher affinity for the Ni2+ called imidazole. The His6 tag unbinds from the column allowing the rGFP protein to be collected for experimental purposes (7). The purpose of this experiment is to express and purify the E. coli strain BL21(DE3) using Ni2+ -agarose affinity chromatography followed by the SDS-PAGE and Western Blot procedures to estimate purity and confirmation of the protein. Materials and Methods Expression of rGFP and Preparation of the rGFP Crude Extract (GCE) The BL21(DE3) bacterial culture referred to as G was used to inoculate 10 ml liquid LB [100ug/ml Amp;25ug/ml Cam] growth media and grown overnight at 37 degrees celsius with vigorous shaking. OD600 of .1 of 500 ml of liquid LB growth media was achieved after a second inoculation was achieved with the culture grown overnight. The 500 ml culture was allowed to grow to OD600 reached .5 by vigorous shaking at 37 degrees celsius. The bacterial pellet was stored at -20 degrees celsius and labeled as G0 while 1 ml of the culture was pelleted in a centrifuge tube and induced with IPTG. At the time of induction the cultures relative time is zero. Three hours post induction, the culture was labeled G3, stored at -20 degrees celsius after the supernatant discarded. The same procedure was done to the G3-15 ml with the exception of pelleting 15 ml of the culture. Next, the culture was vortexed at 37 degrees celsius to lyse the bacteria. A 1 ml breaking buffer was added, solution vortexed, and placed in a 37 degrees celsius water bath. After the centrifugation the supernatant was decanted into a new tube labeled GCE representing rGFP crude extract. (8). Purification of rGFP using Ni2+-Agarose Affinity Chromatography A plastic syringe with a luer-lock was blocked by glass wool to hold in the Ni2+ Agarose matrix. The syringe was then secured vertically using a ring stand and filled with approximately 100ul of buffer followed by 2 ml to ensure the removal of air bubbles trapped in the system. A 50 % slurry of Ni2+-agarose was added to 500 ul buffer on top of the glass wool. The system is then opened to ensure packing of the agarose matrix towards the bottom. The final step in setting up the column is the pre-equilibration step which is the addition of breaking buffer to the column while the leur-lock is open until the ethanol is out of the system. After storing away 100 ul of GCE for future use, 1 ml of breaking buffer was added to the centrifuge tube. The GCE was transfered to the Ni2+ -agarose column. After a 10 minute period the luer-lock was opened and .5 ml effluent liquid was collected and labeled W1 followed by W2 until W10. Meanwhile washing the unbound proteins with 4 ml of breaking buffer. After the 10th wash was collected, the column was washed with an additional 5 ml of breaking buffer. A similar process was followed collecting elution 1 through 10 in 1.5 centrifuge tubes, however by adding the elution buffer containing imidazole. The elution buffer formula available in the solution manual (8). Estimating Protein Concentration of rGFP Determine protein amount using the Bradford assay requires a standard curve using known amount of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). The Bradford assay was performed on six known amounts of BSA (0, 2.5, 5,10, 15, and 20 ug). 50 ul of solution containing the BSA was added with 1 ml of Bradford reagent to a glass tube. The solution was mixed and incubated at room temperature for 10 minutes. 200 ul of the 6 assays were transferred to a microtiter dish to read the absorbance at 595 nm in a microplate reader. A standard curve was plotted (Absorbance Vs BSA amount) to determine the highest absorbance reading that can be extrapolated from this curve. The same procedure was done on the first six washes and six elutions in triplicate. (9). SDS-PAGE/Coomassie Blue Analysis procedure Two recipes were followed in order to make a resolving gel and a stacking gel. The 12 % resolving gel consists of water, 4x resolving buffer, 30 % Acylamide, 10% ammonium persulfate, and TEMED. This solution was poured between two glass plates until polymerization. The 5 % stacking gel consisted of water, 4x stacking buffer, 30 % Acrylamide, 10 % ammonium persulfate, and TEMED. The Stacking buffer was added on top of the resolving buffer followed by the addition of a toothed comb until polymerization. Afterwards, the samples G0, G3, GCE, W2, W3, E2, E3 were loaded into the gel. The loading of the samples was done after the plates were placed in the electrophoresis tank. The electrophoresis tank then ran for 45 minutes at 200 volts. (10). Preparation and Development of the Western Blot Using the 7 samples from the previous procedure, we add 2-Me (Beta-mercaptoethanol) to each sample and developed another gel. After electrophoresis, the gel was to be used as a part of a sandwich for the Western Blot. The sandwich consisted of (from the top) a clear cassette lid, sponge, filter paper, nitrocellulose, gel, filter paper, and sponge that laid against the black cassette lid. After an incubation period, the protein transferred from the gel to the nitrocellulose. Removing the nitrocellulose to a container, the Ponceau S stain was added for two minutes and rinsed several times with distilled water. This was done until red bands appeared. The molecular weight ladder was marked with pencil for further review. Next a blocking step followed where the nitrocellulose membrane was placed in a Tupperware with 30 ml of 5% non-fat dry milk/TBS solution. The Tupperware was placed on a shaking platform for 30 minutes. Afterwards, the blocking solution was discarded and a washing step compromising of 30ml of .05% Tween 20/TBS solution was added. The Tupperware was placed on a shaking platform for 5 minutes. This process was repeated two more times. Following the washing step a primary probing step was performed by adding 7 ml of mouse IgG anti-Xpress epitope MAb solution and incubated on a shaking platform for 45 minutes. Another washing step followed using 30 ml of .05% Tween 20/TBS and repeated two more times. 7 ml of Sheep IgG anti-mouse IgG conjugated horse radish peroxidase polyclonal anti-serum solution was added in a secondary probing step that lasted 45 minutes on a shaking platform. The same washing step previous done followed and repeated two times. Finally, the final wash step with 30 ml of TBS was performed on a shaking platform for 5 minutes. For the final step, 7 ml of TMB substrate solution was added to the membrane until band color intensity was achieved. Then the membrane was moved into a Tupperware container filled with water to stop the development. The nitrocellulose membrane was then dried and results recorded. (11). Results The bacterial expression system of rGFP is presented in Figure 1. The Lac repressor is made from Lac1 of the bacterial chromosome. The lac repressor blocks the t7 RNA polymerase but after inducing it with IPTG, the Lac repressor itself will be blocked. Hence, T7 RNA polymerase will start being abundant and be the promoter to the expression for the His6-Xpress-GFPuv thereby resulting in rGFP (7). For a better understanding of rGFP a schematic diagram is provided in Figure 2. The elution of interest was E3 which had 31,927, the highest relative fluorescent units. We also see that from the combined elution profile in Figure 3 which displays the RFU for the first six washes and elutions. The samples were then run through a Bradford assay. The E3 sample had a 20.7 +/- 12.45 ug total amount of protein. The specific activity was 342,995 RFU/mg. The SDS-PAGE gel (Figure 4) presented the molecular weight of E3 standing at 36 kDa. We determined that using the ladder provided. The results gathered was off by 3 kDa from the verified experimental value of the rGFP. From the relative color density, it was determined that the rGFP band retains 10 % purity which resulted in a calculated yeild of 2.07 ug. Figure 5 presents the Western Blot assay which was used to verify the presence of rGFP. E3 and E2 showed a stronger color while G0 as expected did not show a band due to lack of rGFP. The washes also show a faint color. We have confirmed the presence of rGFP by comapring the E3 band to the ladder which approximates 36 kDa. Conclusion/Discussion The confirmation of rGFP was obtained though proceeding with a Western blot analysis. The experiments that were performed beforehand gave a good understanding of how rGFP was induced, expressed, and purified. To recap, Ni2+-agarose affinity chromatography was used to isolate our protein through the unique property having affinity to the His6 tag in the rGFP. Followed by the Bradford assay we estimated how much protein the samples contained. The SDS-PAGe gel gave us an estimation of the molecular weight and purity of the samples which was paramount in the bigger picture of identifying the protein. Even though the purity gained was very low, we proceeded and developed a Western Blot which confirmed the presence of rGFP through band intensities. Since the GFP protein is very robust to pH and temperature, one can transfect or transcribe this gene into other living bacteria or even human cells to possibly see movement. One follow up experiment would to do just that, seeing if we can insert the rGFP into cancer cells or enzymes like insulin for further studies. We already know that GFP changes color based on the excitation energy which might be altered to produce different colors. This can be used to study two systems or their interactions or lack of interaction. We can study the energy consumption of different bacteria and learn which colonies survive longer. We can apply this method in cancer research and find out how cancer fast certain cancers grow by studying the relative fluorescence given off. The impact of this finding may be similar to the impact of creating spectacles (glasses) that allowed millions to see clearly. This protein offers that unique new ability to visually track things we could not have tracked as easily. References O. Shimomura, F. H. Johnson, Y. Saiga. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 59, 223 (1962). J. G. Morin and J. W. Hastings, J. Cell Physiol. 77, 313 (1971); H. Morise, O. Shimomura, F. H. Johnson, J. Winant, Biochemistry 13, 2656 (1974). D. C. Prasher, V. K. Eckenrode, W. W. Ward, F. G. Prendergast, M. J. Cormier, Gene 111, 229 (1992) . W. W. Ward, C. W. Cody, R. C. Hart, M. J. Cormier, Photochem. Photobiol. 31, 611 (1980). Ward, W.W. and Bokman, S.H.: Reversible denaturation of Aequorea green-fluorescent protein: physical separation and characterization of the renatured protein. Biochemistry 21 (1982) 4535-4550. Prendergast, F.G. and Mann, K.G.: Chemical and physical properties of aequorin and the green-fluorescent protein isolated from Aequorea forskalea. Biochemistry 17 (1978) 3448-3453. R. Scott, and E. Picket. Biochemistry Laboratory Manual. United States. (2012). R. Scott, and E. Picket. Biochemistry Laboratory Manual. United States. 84-88 (2012). R. Scott, and E. Picket. Biochemistry Laboratory Manual. United States. 99-100 (2012). R. Scott, and E. Picket. Biochemistry Laboratory Manual. United States. 125-126 (2012). R. Scott, and E. Picket. Biochemistry Laboratory Manual. United States. 139-140 (2012). R. Scott, and E. Picket. Biochemistry Laboratory Manual. United States. (2012). R. Scott, and E. Picket. Biochemistry Laboratory Manual. United States. (2012). citations: Primary stucture of the aequorea victoria GRP Douglas prasher, virginia eckenrode-229-223 1992 GFP as a marker for gene expression martin chalfie, vuan tu vol 263, feb 1994 Wavelength mutations and post translational autoxidation of GFP vol 91, pp. 12501-1250 dec 1994

Sunday, January 19, 2020

Performance Support Systems Essay -- Technology Support System Essays

Performance Support Systems Abstract The purpose of my paper is to discuss Performance Support Systems, the reason why some people fear them, concerns surrounding them, and why there is a growing trend for their use and their redefinement. Performance Support Systems Defined Electronic Performance Support Systems otherwise known as EPSS were born in the early 1990s by Gloria Gery, who was described as an educational software guru by Phillip Longman in his journal article, The Janitor Stole My Job. A distinguishing feature of EPSS is its ability to automate many job-related cognitive skills and to give immediate instructions to assist users in decision-making processes, which still require human judgment. These are computer-based systems which provide access to coaching, learning experiences, or tools to enable a user to facilitate tasks with a minimum of support from others (Benson, 1997, p.1). To put it bluntly, EPSS is a computer application that is task-specific, offering on-demand assistance to users (Stevens, 1996, p.1). In reviewing the various definitions of EPSS, I read that Performance Support Systems or PSS are frequently referred to as Electronic Performance Support Systems, as was indicated in my above definitions. However, according to Dr. Steve Harmon in his article, The Second S, the addition of the word electronic narrows the definition of Performance Support Systems to one specific area based solely on computers and the internet. While this technology is indeed integral to todayÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s performance support, I believe his point is that we should not forget that the word "system" is more representative of the topic than "electronic" (Harmon, 1999, p.1). Immediately, the controversy is apparent. Peopl... ...rform steps in the most natural way for them. References The following are articles taken off the web in Galileo. The reference list for each does not match the page numbers referenced in the paper. Benson, George. (1997). A new look at EPSS. Training & Development: Vol. 51 (pp. 48-49). Desmarais, Michel C; Leclair, Richard; Fiset, Jean-Yves; Talbi, Hichem. (1997). Cost-justifying electronic performance support systems. Communications of the ACM: Vol. 40 (pp. 39-48). Harmon, Steve. (1999). The Second "S"- Putting the system back in performance support. http://itech1.coe.uga.edu/itforum/paper36/paper36.html (pp. 1-5). Longman, Phillip J. (1997). The janitor stole my job. US News & World Report: Vol. 123 (pp. 50-52). Marquardt, Michael J. (1996). Cyberlearning: New possibilities for HRD. Training & Development: Vol. 50 (pp. 56-57).

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Use of Computer in Pharmacy

Communication: Computers are used within pharmacies to facilitate communication. From email to other Internet-based messaging systems, online communication allows pharmacists and other pharmacy staff to keep in contact both within their own organization and within the professional community. Some pharmacy companies have their own Intranet systems for internal communications over the Internet. Prescription Processing: Prescription processing is invariably one of the main activities going on within a pharmacy on a day-to-day basis, and computers are used to make this process more reliable and efficient.Both the customer service side of pharmacy operation and the dispensing aspect are today carried out through the use of computing systems. Pharmacy computers also handle customer service activities such as sales and cash handling within the retail operation. Information: Having access to the Web via pharmacy computers is something that has enhanced the ability of pharmacists to carry out their duties to a higher standard.As well as giving the pharmacy staff access to the vast store of information that is available on the Internet, including those on specialist pharmacy resources, the Internet connects pharmacists to their peers on a global scale. Professional communities for pharmacists operate on-line, creating an atmosphere that is conducive to professional development. Databases: Computer databases for information about medicines, and medical treatment in general, are used within pharmacies.These database systems allow pharmacy staff to find out information about any potential conflicts or health-care problems in a prescribed treatment, as well as information about the details of any particular medicine the pharmacist needs to know more about. This information may include ingredients and potential effects as well as research and scientific data. Error Prevention: Pharmacy computer systems can help to prevent errors in medication, potentially saving lives and gen erally preserving the health of patients.As well as checking medicines and combinations of medicines, these systems can in some cases check on patient information. The availability of such systems varies across the different geographical areas, but in some cases pharmacy computers are able to check on prescribed medicines with specific reference to a patient and their overall health-care picture. Conclusion: We can say that computer is very useful for us. In clinical Pharmacy, Community Pharmacy and hospital Pharmacy crying need to use computer.

Friday, January 3, 2020

What to Do When There Is an Increase in the Number of...

Increase number of customer complaints Four leadership characteristics: Managing complaints is not an easy task for any managerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s list of problems. ItÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s easy to disgrace any work or write complaints. Some times complaints are small or some are big so managerÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s need to work with open mind on solving complaints, because these complaints directly or indirectly going to affect the reputation of any organization. To solve complaints we need to go in process. Four characteristics that manager have to keep in mind as leader are- a. Facilitator guide. b. Communication. c. Building confidence. d. Be optimistic. Facilitator guide: Leader should guide the team what work we have do, what are our targets and what is the ultimate goal. Workers should be clear with the work they have allotted and should have profound knowledge to complete that ask if they are not eligible to work teach then make them understand well ,teach them in classes with best of your knowledge . Communication: Leader must have good level of connection with worker. To achieve connection there should be two-way communication between workers and leader, positively exchange their ideas about good working of organization and reward them with awards for being a good employee. Building confidence: To get better result from workers leaders should provide them with good working environment and confidence. Leader should support them, show faith and facilitate them towards attaining organizational goalsShow MoreRelatedYakka Tech Pty Ltd1622 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 Pagesthe clientÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s sites. To provide all these services it employees 1500 people. It has customer service division that consist of four customer contact centres serving clients within each region. Each customer service centre consists of half- dozen departments representing functional specialisations and a single department consist of more than two dozen employees. 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