Banning Tobacco Price Promotions, Smoking Related Beliefs...

Banning tobacco price promotions, smoking-related beliefs and behavior: Findings from the International Tobacco Control four-country cohort survey Abstract Purpose: We examined how prohibiting tobacco price promotion at the national level influenced smoking-related beliefs and behaviors. Method: We used data from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation project four-country cohort. Smokers and recent quitters at wave 8 (N = 4,114) were included in multivariate logistic regression models to examine associations between exposure to price promotions at waves 7 and 8 (conducted in 2008-2009 and 2010) on smoking-related beliefs and behavior at wave 8, stratified by whether the countries allow (United States, Australia) or ban†¦show more content†¦Conclusion: Differential associations emerged between exposure to price promotions and smoking-related beliefs across ban- vs. no-ban countries. Frequent exposure to promotions repeatedly predicted smoking-related beliefs and subsequent smoking behaviors in no-ban countries. Adopting price-promotion bans could eliminate effects of tobacco price promotions on smoking. Key words: International health, Smoking behavior, Smoking-related beliefs, Tobacco-control policy, Tobacco promotions Introduction Tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable deaths and illnesses. Worldwide, the burden of tobacco exceeds six million deaths and half a trillion in economic loss annually. Tobacco-related deaths are projected to reach 7.4 to 9.7 million by 2030. To combat tobacco-use epidemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) enacted a Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) that included six tobacco-control strategies to guard against both demand and supply arms of tobacco use. Abbreviated as â€Å"mpower,† these strategies include monitoring tobacco use and prevention strategies; protection against tobacco smoke; offering cessation aid; warnings against tobacco-related risks; enforcing advertising, promotional, and sponsorship bans; and raising taxation on tobacco products. , Advertising, promotional, and sponsorship ban remains the least adopted â€Å"mpower† strategy. Only 24 countries (covering a mere 10% of the world’s

Genderless Identity Does More Harm than Good - 1137 Words

When I finished reading the story of little Storm, in that instant, I felt deeply sorry for Storm, a child who would have grown up normally like everyone else around him/her, everyone else except for his/her two brothers. However, a decision was made by Storm’s parents to break the convention of identifying children by gender, and as a result the chance for Storm to be raised like others. Storm’s parents, Witterick and Stocker are indeed doing something wrong. Their extreme and unusual parenting decision would make Storm a lifelong victim of prejudice. According to Storm’s parents, they want to love their children for who they are, not what genitals they have; they want to be supportive of the individuality of their children†¦show more content†¦Recalling my memory from kindergarten, there was a little boy in my class who always wanted to play with the girls, while everyone else was only playing with others who shared the same sex. Consequently, he was a lienated from both sexes. He eventually quit school because he was later diagnosed as having melancholia, which was the result of being isolated and having to stay alone. As well there are other studies of the effects of isolation. According to an investigation in 1986, 5000 per 100,000 of the U.S. prisoners committed suicide as a result of less to no social activities and isolation. At several mid-Atlantic universities, a study investigated 1000 students. Surprisingly, 12 percent of them admitted that they had thought about committing suicide, and more than half of the 12 percent claimed that the reason for their suicidal thoughts was simply due to the feeling of being unloved or isolated by others. Thus, it is reasonable to conclude that alienation for Storm would cause serious consequences if Storm were to be raised gender-free. Moreover, Storm’s parents practice unschooling, in which they believe that learning should be curiosity driven. This could cause Storm to be compl etely ignorant and incompetent in the end since the useful knowledge in textbooks tends not to interest children and can not be easily discovered in our daily lives. For instance, if Newton’s Law of physics were never written in textbooks, it would beShow MoreRelatedGenderless Identity Does More Harm than Good989 Words   |  4 Pagesthey are realistic about the society they live in. Whereas Storm’s parents are not only thinking, also acting as idealists through their action of raising a genderless baby in this imperfect world. In other words, their idealism has motivated them to rear Storm free of gender identities. However, life is a much more complicated topic than what an idealist is willing to understand and seek answers for. As a result, idealists such as Storm’s parents are often not taking the scientific actualitiesRead MoreGenderless: Sex and Children2044 Words   |  9 PagesWeek 4: Interview Paper Much like the outburst that same-sex marriage caused, we are now seeing the advent of arguments for genderless parenting; the idea that all a child needs is love and its irrelevant whether the loving persons are male or female. Now we have genderless kids. Kathy Witterick and David Stocker, the parents of Jazz (5), Kio (2) and four-month-old Baby Storm want to rear and love each of their children, not as their daughter or son, not as a girl or a boy, but as just theirRead MoreUnisex And The Utilitarian Ethical Dilemma Essay1950 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"boy† means â€Å"insensitive jock† and â€Å"girl† means â€Å"submissive prima donna†. My kids have known since birth that gender is about identity, and that should they ever decide that the labels â€Å"boy† or â€Å"girl† don’t fit them, I’ll gladly change the names and pronouns I use when I speak about them’. Juniper is just one example of the many parents who believ e unisex is right or more morally preferable over gender specification, which is wrong, because of the negative connotations associated with that genderRead MoreGender Roles Research Paper1896 Words   |  8 PagesIs it a Boy or a Girl? When a child is born, it does not know anything about the world. As it gets older, the child learns morals and values from the people around it. One concept children learn is the role of gender in their lives. Young boys and girls are given different messages about what they are and are not supposed do in social situations, causing them to act and dress differently from one another. Gender is not something tangible that happens; it is something perceived by American societyRead MoreGender Leadership And Womens Leadership Styles5681 Words   |  23 Pagesonly making up twenty-one percent of leadership. Gender roles in leadership are constructed and reinforced with power being connected to the male leaders. While there is a lot of research on female leaders and how their leadership styles are different than their male counterparts there in not much research out there about authentic female leaders in nonprofits. This qualitative study will address the question how women and men n onprofit administrators demonstrates or exhibits the phenomena of authenticityRead MoreArab Culture - Essay6842 Words   |  28 Pagesprovide insight into a culture, but the accuracy and usefulness will depend on the context and specific circumstances. WHERE IS THE ARAB WORLD? †¢ The Arab world stretches from Morocco across Northern Africa to the Persian Gulf. The Arab world is more or less equal to the area known as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Although this excludes Somalia, Djibouti, and the Comoros Islands which are part of the Arab world. †¢ It can also be defined as those countries where Arabic is the dominantRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesiv Praise Comments on the earlier 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning: There is a great deal of coherence. The chapters build on one another. The organization is sound and the author does a superior job of presenting the structure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University These examples work quite well. Their diversity, literacy, ethnic sensitivity, and relevancy should attract readers. Stanley

Cause For Violent Protest Essay Example For Students

Cause For Violent Protest Essay Every person, everywhere, with no exceptions has experienced fear. Fear, to be afraid, has hit us all, whether it was fear of failing, or fear for your own personal safety. Fear is what keeps us on our alert edge. It kept you from jumping off the high dive when you were a child for fear you would get injured, and it kept you up late studying for fear of failing. It is the realization of consequences in the immediate or distant future. There are many forms of fear and we benefit from all of them. It never makes you do anything you do not want to do, and gets the consequences going through your head. Fear of failure in our classroom makes us work harder, and fear of dying on the beaches of Normandy made soldiers run that much faster. Fear is what keeps us on our toes. I know it changed my life tremendously on one occasion, and saved my life on another. Fear of failing English 1301 has me glued too my chair when all of my friends are mountain biking. At the age of seventeen, I was more concerned about having a good time then worrying about school. The result of this of course, was my dropping out of school. It took me only one day to realize what I had done. What was a seventeen-year-old drop out going to do? I sank into a major depression when I realized the severity of what I had done was. The first concern for my future arose, and the fear of it. I was on a nowhere road with no exits unless I did something drastic to change myself. One week later, fear of failure had me on a plane with a destination of Fort Benning, Georgia. It had driven me to enlist in the Army. Fear for my own personal safety saved my life one windy day in the Mojave Desert. My squad was sent to desert warfare school in Fort Irwin. The Battalion Commander decided it would be necessary to insert my team by means of parachute for reconnaissance on enemy movement. When the time came for me to jump out of the C-130 Hercules, I yelled, Rangers Lead the Way! and started my descent. I counted to three and only felt a small jerk. I looked up and saw the parachute had been fused closed. Without thinking I immediately pulled my reserve and pushed out its risers, only for it rocket up and wrap around my main, which stopped it from being completely, deployed. My natural reaction was to look down, the ground screamed toward me at an incredible rate, I did not want to die, and the fear of death shot throughout me. It was this fear that took over and started throwing off weight. I cut off my rucksack, my weapon, and my low bearing vest, then it steered me the best it could into a patch of bushes below me that turned out to be a tree. It took me two days to finally remember what I had done because I had done it so fast and without thinking. With the help of fear I cheated death that day, and only suffered two dislocated kneecaps, a twisted back, twisted neck, and broken sternum. Fear is not just an emotion, it is a tool as well. Dog owners use it when they post their Beware of Dog signs to ward off any thieves. In Desert Storm the Allied Forces dropped millions of flyers over Iraqi positions telling them how to surrender to the technologically advanced army that was approaching them. Needless to say, this method of widespread fear caused panic, resulting in success and saving thousands of lives. During the dark ages, churches were not made to be peaceful looking in appearance, but rather intimidating. Churches had gargoyles on all sides of them, showing people what would come for them if they deified Christianity. .uecb1f1dd48abc22c07eca4a74097ca13 , .uecb1f1dd48abc22c07eca4a74097ca13 .postImageUrl , .uecb1f1dd48abc22c07eca4a74097ca13 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uecb1f1dd48abc22c07eca4a74097ca13 , .uecb1f1dd48abc22c07eca4a74097ca13:hover , .uecb1f1dd48abc22c07eca4a74097ca13:visited , .uecb1f1dd48abc22c07eca4a74097ca13:active { border:0!important; } .uecb1f1dd48abc22c07eca4a74097ca13 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uecb1f1dd48abc22c07eca4a74097ca13 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uecb1f1dd48abc22c07eca4a74097ca13:active , .uecb1f1dd48abc22c07eca4a74097ca13:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uecb1f1dd48abc22c07eca4a74097ca13 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uecb1f1dd48abc22c07eca4a74097ca13 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uecb1f1dd48abc22c07eca4a74097ca13 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uecb1f1dd48abc22c07eca4a74097ca13 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uecb1f1dd48abc22c07eca4a74097ca13:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uecb1f1dd48abc22c07eca4a74097ca13 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uecb1f1dd48abc22c07eca4a74097ca13 .uecb1f1dd48abc22c07eca4a74097ca13-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uecb1f1dd48abc22c07eca4a74097ca13:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Light And The Glory EssayUsing it as a tool such as in this case kept people fearful of Gods wrath. Fear, although annoying at times, is an emotion and a tool that helps us all. It helps us in decision-making and generally steers us in the right direction. Most people do despise this emotion, and will not attempt anything or take any chance voluntarily that would provoke this emotion. What is not realized is that this is another one of the many emotions that make us human, and experiencing them makes us who we are. It plays a major role in our everyday lives.

Smoke Disavantages Essay Example

Smoke Disavantages Essay Smoking causes illness and death, among other disadvantages. It is the most preventable lifestyle factor affecting human health. Smoking harms every organ in your body. Your heart, blood vessels, lungs and fertility are all negatively affected by smoking and the chemicals in cigarettes. Heart and Blood Vessel Health Smoking changes the structure of blood vessels. This can lead to the buildup of plaque that hardens and narrows the vessels, causing a disease called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a common cause of heart attacks and peripheral artery disease. Smoking increases your likelihood of developing high blood pressure. The carbon monoxide inhaled from cigarette smoke interferes with the way oxygen is carried by your blood to organs, including the heart, which links it to heart disease. Smoking also increases the incidence of blood clots, which can lead to strokes. Lung Function The lung is the main target of the smoke inhaled by cigarettes because it has direct contact with the chemicals. Smoking is the most common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, which affects the function of the lungs and how they deliver oxygen into the body. COPD includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema and involves a change in the structure of your lung tissue and airways. If you have asthma, smoking can increase the frequency and severity of attacks. Smoking diminishes lung function, so you may experience shortness of breath even with little or no exertion. Effects on Fertility and Babies Smoking contributes to infertility and decreases the chance of conception whether you are a man or woman. Men who smoke are found to have a reduced total sperm count in addition to a decrease in the sperms ability to fertilize an egg. Smoking diminishes the capacity of an ovary to create eggs that are capable of healthy fertilization. If you are pregnant and a smoker, you increase the risk of a low-birth-weight or preterm baby. An estimated 20 to 30 percent of low-birth-weight babies and 14 percent of preterm births are attributed to smoking in pregnancy, according the U. S. Surgeon Generals report on women and smoking. There is a higher chance your baby will have asthma if you smoked during pregnancy. Even some full-term babies will have diminished lung function if you smoked while pregnant. We will write a custom essay sample on Smoke Disavantages specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Smoke Disavantages specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Smoke Disavantages specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer